Idea in Brief

The Situation

New technologies can not only handle a growing number of repetitive and manual tasks but also perform sophisticated kinds of knowledge-based work—such as research, coding, and writing—that have long been considered safe from disruption.

The Challenge

To cope, many organizations are investing heavily in upskilling their workforces, but those efforts alone won’t be enough. In the coming decades millions of workers may need to be entirely reskilled—a profoundly complex societal challenge.

The Path Forward

Some companies have recently launched successful reskilling efforts. Five important paradigm shifts have emerged from their efforts that other companies will need to embrace if they hope to adapt to the new era of automation and AI.

Back in 2019 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development made a bold forecast. Within 15 to 20 years, it predicted, new automation technologies were likely to eliminate 14% of the world’s jobs and radically transform another 32%. Those were sobering numbers, involving more than 1 billion people globally—and they didn’t even factor in ChatGPT and the new wave of generative AI that has recently taken the market by storm.

A version of this article appeared in the September–October 2023 issue of Harvard Business Review.